| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night
Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night was a 1945 plan developed by Shirō Ishii to wage biological warfare upon civilian population centers in Southern California, United States, during the final months of World War II, using pathogens created by members of Ishii's Unit 731.
==Background==
Unit 731 was specifically created by the Japanese military in Harbin which was then located in Japanese-occupied Manchukuo for researching biological and chemical warfare which they carried out human experimentation on men, women, children, and infants, regardless of whether they were captives or warfare casualties. During the Second Sino-Japanese War and later World War II, the Japanese had encased bubonic plague, cholera, smallpox, botulism, anthrax, and other diseases into bombs where they were routinely dropped on Chinese combatants and non-combatants. According to the 2002 ''International Symposium on the Crimes of Bacteriological Warfare'', the number of people killed by the Imperial Japanese Army germ warfare and human experiments is around 580,000.〔Daniel Barenblatt, ''A Plague upon Humanity'', 2004, p.xii, 173.〕 According to other sources, "tens of thousands, and perhaps as many as 400,000, Chinese died of bubonic plague, cholera, anthrax and other diseases ...", resulting from the use of biological warfare.
During the first few months at war with the United States following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan also had previously planned to use biological weapons against Americans. During the Battle of Bataan in March 1942, the Japanese considered releasing 200 pounds of plague-carrying fleas—about 150 million insects—in each of ten separate attacks. However, the surrender of American forces rendered the plan unnecessary. In early July 1944 during the Battle of Saipan, when the war was going against Japan, plague-infested fleas were again intended to be used against American combatants. However, the Japanese submarine carrying the fleas was sunk by the American submarine ''Swordfish'' off Chichi Jima. Around November 1944, Japan succeeded in launching a total of 9,300 incendiary and antipersonnel bombs carried by balloons which were designed to rise to 30,000 feet, swept eastward by the jet stream to the continental United States. These killed six American civilians near Bly, Oregon, crashed into a farm in Medford, Oregon, and caused a short circuit in the power lines supplying electricity for the nuclear reactor cooling pumps in the Manhattan Project's production facility at the Hanford Site in Washington (however backup safety devices restored power almost immediately).〔(History of the Plutonium Production Facilities at the Hanford Site Historic District, 1943-1990 ) Retrieved 27 April 2007 〕 During the Battle of Iwo Jima, another biological attack was considered against the invading Americans. Pilot Shoichi Matsumoto later recounted how two gliders carrying pathogens were supposed to be towed over the battle and released, but the gliders that were supposed to take off from mainland Japan to Matsumoto's airfield in Pingfang District in preparation for the attack never reached their destination.〔Tom Mangold, Jeff Goldberg, "Plague Wars: The Terrifying Reality of Biological Warfare, page 24-25, 0-3122-6379-1〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|